Adevil

COMPOSITION
It is a yellow colored, clear solution containing 200.000 IU Vitamin A propionate, 30.000 IU Vitamin D3, 20 mg Vitamin E with 10 mg benzyl alcohol as a preservative per ml.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Pharmacodynamic Properties

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Vitamin A, as a fat-soluble vitamin, is one of the vitamins that affect gene expression, similar to steroid hormones. Therefore, it has central importance for countless processes in cell growth, differentiation, reproduction, vision, bone development, and the body's immune response. It contributes to maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissue, thereby increasing resistance to infectious and parasitic attacks.

Both deficiency and excess can lead to serious disorders in humans and animals in the areas mentioned above.

Plasma vitamin A content is subject to strict homeostatic control and only provides information in cases of excessive vitamin intake or deficiency in animals. The best information about vitamin A status is obtained through liver biopsy.

The liver plays a central role in vitamin A metabolism as a vitamin A reservoir.

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

Vitamin D, as a fat-soluble vitamin, is one of the vitamins that affect gene expression, similar to a steroid hormone. It plays a central role in regulating calcium metabolism in the body.

For most animal species, especially poultry, vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).

Vitamin E (α-tocopherol)

Vitamin E belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins. Tocopherols are important physiological antioxidants. Vitamin E protects unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., in the lipids of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes) from oxidation.

In addition to its importance as an antioxidant, vitamin E stimulates the formation of prostaglandin E from arachidonic acid and inhibits blood clotting. It provides phagocytosis for leukocytes and macrophages and stimulates the immune response.

Vitamin E deficiency contributes to nutritional diseases such as muscular dystrophy, exudative diathesis, encephalomalasia, and liver necrosis.

Excessive unsaturated fatty acid supplementation exacerbates the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency.

Pharmacokinetics Properties

After intramuscular administration, vitamins A, D3, and E are stored in liver tissue and adipose tissue. Vitamin A is excreted primarily via the fecal and urinary routes in various forms. Vitamin A is excreted as glucuronide, primarily via bile. After being broken down, it is reabsorbed in the small intestine (enterohepatic circulation).

After parenteral administration, Vitamin E enters the bloodstream via the lymphatic system and reaches peak plasma levels within 4 to 9 hours. In the blood, Vitamin E is primarily bound to β-lipoproteins. It accumulates in the liver, heart muscle, adipose tissue, and adrenal cortex. Most of Vitamin E is excreted in the liver or bile, with the remainder excreted in urine. Vitamin E is excreted primarily via the bile without being metabolized or with minimal metabolism.

Vitamin D3 is transported to the liver via the lymphatic system and converted into biologically active hydroxy compounds through hydroxylation. The formation of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 occurs in the kidneys. The highest biological activity is exhibited by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Vitamin D3 is primarily excreted via the fecal route.